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Integral nonlinearity

error (INL)

Actual A/D conversion

characteristic

Ideal A/D conversion

characteristic

Analog input voltage

Offset error

Absolute accuracy

Differential nonlinearity error (DNL)

Full-scale error

0xFFF

0x000

Ideal line of actual A/D

conversion characteristic

1-LSB width for ideal A/D

conversion characteristic

Differential nonlinearity error (DNL)

1-LSB width for ideal A/D

conversion characteristic

VREFH0

(full-scale)

A/D converter

output code

Figure 2.62

Illustration of 12-bit A/D converter characteristic terms

Absolute accuracy

Absolute accuracy is the difference between output code based on the theoretical A/D conversion characteristics, and the

actual A/D conversion result. When measuring absolute accuracy, the voltage at the midpoint of the width of the analog

input voltage (1-LSB width), which can meet the expectation of outputting an equal code based on the theoretical A/D

conversion characteristics, is used as the analog input voltage. For example, if 12-bit resolution is used and the reference

voltage VREFH0 = 3.072 V, then 1-LSB width becomes 0.75 mV, and 0 mV, 0.75 mV, and 1.5 mV are used as the analog

input voltages. If analog input voltage is 6 mV, an absolute accuracy of ±5 LSB means that the actual A/D conversion result

is in the range of 0x003 to 0x00D, though an output code of 0x008 can be expected from the theoretical A/D conversion

characteristics.

Integral nonlinearity error (INL)

Integral nonlinearity error is the maximum deviation between the ideal line when the measured offset and full-scale errors

are zeroed, and the actual output code.

Differential nonlinearity error (DNL)

Differential nonlinearity error is the difference between 1-LSB width based on the ideal A/D conversion characteristics and

the width of the actual output code.

Offset error

Offset error is the difference between the transition point of the ideal first output code and the actual first output code.

RA4L1 Datasheet

2. Electrical Characteristics

R01DS0447EJ0131 Rev.1.31

May 26, 2026

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