PIC16C72 datasheet(9/288 Pages) MICROCHIP

9 / 288 page

DS30390E-page 9

PIC16C7X

3.0

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

The high performance of the PIC16CXX family can be

attributed to a number of architectural features com-

monly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin with,

the PIC16CXX uses a Harvard architecture, in which,

program and data are accessed from separate memo-

ries using separate buses. This improves bandwidth

over traditional von Neumann architecture in which pro-

gram and data are fetched from the same memory

using the same bus. Separating program and data

buses further allows instructions to be sized differently

than the 8-bit wide data word. Instruction opcodes are

14-bits wide making it possible to have all single word

instructions. A 14-bit wide program memory access

bus fetches a 14-bit instruction in a single cycle. A two-

stage pipeline overlaps fetch and execution of instruc-

tions (Example 3-1). Consequently, all instructions (35)

execute in a single cycle (200 ns @ 20 MHz) except for

program branches.

The table below lists program memory (EPROM) and

data memory (RAM) for each PIC16C7X device.

The PIC16CXX can directly or indirectly address its

ters, including the program counter, are mapped in the

data memory. The PIC16CXX has an orthogonal (sym-

metrical) instruction set that makes it possible to carry

out any operation on any register using any addressing

mode. This symmetrical nature and lack of ‘special

optimal

situations’

make

programming

with

the

PIC16CXX simple yet efﬁcient. In addition, the learning

curve is reduced signiﬁcantly.

Device

Program

Memory

Data Memory

PIC16C72

2K x 14

128 x 8

PIC16C73

4K x 14

192 x 8

PIC16C73A

4K x 14

192 x 8

PIC16C74

4K x 14

192 x 8

PIC16C74A

4K x 14

192 x 8

PIC16C76

8K x 14

368 x 8

PIC16C77

8K x 14

386 x 8

PIC16CXX devices contain an 8-bit ALU and working

It performs arithmetic and Boolean functions between

the data in the working register and any register ﬁle.

The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition, sub-

traction, shift and logical operations. Unless otherwise

mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's comple-

ment in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically

one operand is the working register (W register). The

other operand is a ﬁle register or an immediate con-

stant. In single operand instructions, the operand is

either the W register or a ﬁle register.

The W register is an 8-bit working register used for ALU

operations. It is not an addressable register.

Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may

affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC), and

Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and DC bits

operate as a borrow bit and a digit borrow out bit,

respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF

instructions for examples.

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