PIC16C641 datasheet(73/136 Pages) MICROCHIP

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DS30559A-page 73

PIC16C64X & PIC16C66X

10.0

INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Each PIC16CXX instruction is a 14-bit word divided

into an OPCODE which speciﬁes the instruction type

and one or more operands which further specify the

operation of the instruction. The PIC16CXX instruction

set summary in Table 10-2 lists byte-oriented, bit-ori-

ented, and literal and control operations. Table 10-1

shows the opcode ﬁeld descriptions.

For byte-oriented instructions, 'f' represents a ﬁle reg-

ister designator and 'd' represents a destination desig-

nator. The ﬁle register designator speciﬁes which ﬁle

The destination designator speciﬁes where the result of

the operation is to be placed. If 'd' is zero, the result is

placed in the W register. If 'd' is one, the result is placed

in the ﬁle register speciﬁed in the instruction.

For bit-oriented instructions, 'b' represents a bit ﬁeld

designator which selects the number of the bit affected

by the operation, while 'f' represents the number of the

ﬁle in which the bit is located.

For literal and control operations, 'k' represents an

eight or eleven bit constant or literal value.

TABLE 10-1:

OPCODE FIELD

DESCRIPTIONS

The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped

into three basic categories:

Field

Description

Working register (accumulator)

Bit address within an 8-bit ﬁle register

Literal ﬁeld, constant data or label

Don't care location (= 0 or 1)

The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the

recommended form of use for compatibility with all

Microchip software tools.

Destination select; d = 0: store result in W,

d = 1: store result in ﬁle register f.

Default is d = 1

label

Label name

TOS

Top of Stack

Program Counter

PCLATH

Program Counter High Latch

GIE

Global Interrupt Enable bit

WDT

Watchdog Timer/Counter

Time-out bit

Power-down bit

dest

Destination either the W register or the speciﬁed

[ ]

Options

( )

Contents

→ Assigned to

< >

∈

In the set of

italics User deﬁned term (font is courier)

• Byte-oriented operations

• Bit-oriented operations

• Literal and control operations

All instructions are executed within one single instruc-

tion cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the pro-

gram counter is changed as a result of an instruction.

In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles

with the second cycle executed as a NOP. One instruc-

tion cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for

an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction

execution time is 1

µs. If a conditional test is true or the

program counter is changed as a result of an instruc-

tion, the instruction execution time is 2

µs.

Table 10-2 lists the instructions recognized by the

MPASM assembler.

Figure 10-1 shows the three general formats that the

instructions can have.

All examples use the following format to represent a

hexadecimal number:

0xhh

where h signiﬁes a hexadecimal digit.

FIGURE 10-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR

INSTRUCTIONS

Note:

To maintain upward compatibility with

future PIC16CXX products, do not use the

OPTION

and TRIS instructions.

Byte-oriented ﬁle register operations

d = 0 for destination W

OPCODE

f (FILE #)

d = 1 for destination f

f = 7-bit ﬁle register address

Bit-oriented ﬁle register operations

10 9

7 6

OPCODE

b (BIT #)

f (FILE #)

b = 3-bit bit address

f = 7-bit ﬁle register address

Literal and control operations

OPCODE

k (literal)

k = 8-bit immediate value

OPCODE

k (literal)

k = 11-bit immediate value

General

CALL

and GOTO instructions only

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