The **FTS-60-R** is a specific model of a **Thermal Flow Switch** (often associated with brands like Anderson-Negele). These devices are designed to monitor the flow rate of liquids in pipes, particularly in hygienic applications like food, beverage, and pharmaceutical processing. Below is an explanation of the electronic components and technical specifications. --- ### 1. Operating Principle: Calorimetric (Thermal) The FTS-60-R operates on the **calorimetric principle**. * **The Sensor:** It contains two thermistors (RTDs) inside the sensor tip. * **The Process:** One sensor is heated to a constant temperature, while the other measures the ambient temperature of the fluid. * **The Measurement:** As fluid flows past the heated tip, it carries heat away. The electronics calculate the power required to maintain the temperature difference, which is proportional to the flow velocity. ### 2. Electronic Specifications The internal electronics handle power regulation, signal processing, and switching outputs. | Feature | Specification Details | | :--- | :--- | | **Supply Voltage** | Typically 18...36 V DC | | **Output Type** | PNP (Switched DC) / Active output | | **Switching Logic** | Configurable (Normally Open / Normally Closed) | | **Current Consumption** | < 100 mA | | **Electrical Connection** | M12 Plug-in connector (typically 4-pin) | | **Response Time** | 2 to 10 seconds (adjustable via potentiometer/PC) | ### 3. Key Electronic Components #### A. Internal Potentiometers / User Interface The "R" in the model often signifies a specific configuration or adjustment capability. Most FTS units feature: * **Adjustment Potentiometer:** Located under the screw cap to set the switching point (threshold). * **LED Indicators:** * **Green LED:** Power is ON, but flow is below the threshold. * **Red LED:** Flow has reached the setpoint and the output has switched. #### B. Signal Processing Circuitry The onboard microcontroller translates the analog voltage change from the thermal sensors into a binary switching signal. It includes **temperature compensation** to ensure that changes in the fluid temperature do not cause false "flow" readings. #### C. Protection Circuitry To ensure longevity in industrial environments, the electronics include: * **Short-circuit protection:** Prevents damage if the output is wired incorrectly. * **Reverse polarity protection:** Protects the board if +/- power leads are swapped. --- ### 4. Wiring Diagram (M12 Connector) Standard wiring for a PNP flow switch like the FTS-60: | Pin Number | Function | Wire Color (Typical) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 1 | +24 V DC (Power) | Brown | | 2 | Not used / Programming | White | | 3 | 0 V (GND) | Blue | | 4 | Switch Output (PNP) | Black | ---